ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: With the constant development of current society, traumatic bone injury caused by the traffic and other accidents becomes more and more common. Bone defect scope is increasingly extend, and the treatment results in the long cycle, the high cost, and the uncontrolled effect, accompanied with infections, bone nonunion and other complications, which not only causes the painfulness of the patient physically and mentally, but also is a difficult problem and challenge for orthopedic surgeons at the same time. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the advantages and disadvantages of traditional treatments and their latest progress, and focus on the research progress and advantages of tissue engineering technology in treating bone defect. METHODS: The author took “bone defect, bone transplantation, tissue engineering, induced membrane technology, bone transfer technology, endothelial progenitor cells, 3 D printing technology” as the key words, and data were summarized by searching CNKI, Wanfang and Pub Med databases. Totally 120 related literatures were retrieved. Through reading the title, abstract and part of the literature content, the outdated, ambiguous and repetitive literatures were excluded. Finally, 49 literatures meeting the inclusion criteria were selected for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Traditional bone defect treatment has certain defects. The emergence of bone tissue engineering technology is expected to become one of the most effective ways for bone defect.(2) Seed cells have good osteogenic properties and can secrete some important factors.(3) Scaffold material can provide mechanical strength for patients in early stage, and has advantages of good biocompatibility, bone induction, and controllable degradation.(4) The urgent problem of vascularization is also being solved gradually, which can bring good news to the patients with bone defect.
ABSTRACT
The implementation of membrane technology in the manufacturing of Chinese materia medica (CMM) plays a critical role in the strategic plan and demand from the perspective of national science and technology, and it is a new and high technology that needs to be popularized in Chinese medicine pharmaceutical industry. The manufacturing technology of CMM is primarily based on the theory and practices of chemical engineering in which the upgrade of its separation technology mainly relies on the advancement in chemical engineering. Our authors have been exploring and implementing membrane technology in the green manufacturing process of CMM in the past decade. Recently, we were granted funding in the topic of "The Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine" from The National Key Research and Development Program of China. In the research proposal, we introduced the emerging concept of "material-chemistry engineering", and suggested the concept of theoretical framework for "the process design and engineering of membrane-based green manufacturing of CMM". The framework included the establishment of analytical testing approach for precise analysis in aqueous CMM environment, a systematic testing and inspection method for the membrane and membrane process to guarantee the safety and effectiveness of the CMM products, as well as the integrated membrane process design and optimization for the CMM manufacturing process. The ultimate goal of the proposal is to achieve high flux and decent separation efficiency for CMM production in multi-scale range, in particular to understand the correlation between the aqueous CMM environment and the structure, property and preparation of the membrane. Furthermore, with the aid of computational modeling in process design and manufacturing, the theoretical foundation of membrane-based CMM green manufacturing can be assured. The innovation in the interdisciplinary of CMM production and material-chemistry engineering will help overcoming the current bottleneck encountered in the CMM manufacturing industry in China, resolving the urgent issues of energy, resources and environment, and providing a feasible solution to sustainable development.
ABSTRACT
El calostro bovino es una secreción mamaria que se genera aproximadamente siete días antes del parto para alimentar al becerro. El contenido de sus componentes puede llegar a ser 100 veces mayor que en la leche cruda y estudios de otros autores señalan los beneficios alimenticios y medicinales que este presenta. En tal virtud, se estudió el efecto de la aplicación de microfiltración tangencial sobre la concentración de proteínas de calostro bovino como una fuente alimenticia y medicinal. El estudio consideró vacas de la raza Holstein y sus entrecruzamientos, desarrolladas en el cantón Cayambe. Los análisis químicos (grasa, proteína total, inmunoglobulinas totales, lactosa, sólidos totales y sólidos no grasos) fueron analizados en un equipo MilkoScan, los microbiológicos (contaje de células somáticas y contaje total) en un analizador Bacto Scan, la cuantificación de inmunoglobulina G con un cromatógrafo líquido Varian y la influencia de la aplicación de microfiltración tangencial con membranas de 0,45 µm de poro. Los resultados mostraron que en la mayoría de los casos las concentraciones de los parámetros en estudio a las primeras horas presentaron elevados valores (23 a 76 % de aumento con respecto a las 36 horas). El análisis factorial mostró que las condiciones de crianza y las horas después del parto, son los factores que mayormente influyeron sobre los parámetros físico-químicos. Finalmente, la microfiltración concentró la inmunoglobulina G en un 27 %, este concentrado podría ser empleado en la elaboración de nuevos productos que presenten beneficios a la salud de los humanos.
Subject(s)
Humans , Microstraining , Colostrum , Dairy ProductsABSTRACT
Membrane creates the functions of protection, supporting, dispersion and separation. More functions can be designed by modifying membrane surface and grafting/loading selective ligands or catalysts on the membrane, thus membrane technology has been widely applied in biological detection, and its application approaches becomes diverse. Rational design of functional membranes can meet the demands in different steps of biological detection process, including sample pretreatment, preparation, response and sensing. This review summarized the functionalization methods of filtration membranes, applications of membrane technology in sample preparation and detection process, as well as the research on the integration of functional membranes. By revisiting the research progress on functional membrane design, preparation and applications for biological detection, it is expected to take better advantage of membrane materials structure and performance for constructing efficient and stable detection platform, which is more "adapted" to the detection environment.
Subject(s)
Membranes, ArtificialABSTRACT
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is China’s original advantages of the field of science and technology. TCM inheritance innovation research has been promoted to national science and technology strategy. Membrane technology is adapt to the efficacy and advantages of multiple features of Chinise materia medica (CMM) substance, which can fully realize the core value of CMM resources, and it has high efficiency, energy saving, pollution-free features. The use of membrane technology in TCM is the high-tech that needs to be promoted. This paper summarized the authors’ study for more than 10 years, focusing on “CMM pharmaceutical separation engineering technology system and application based on membrane process”. In order to solve the problems of low production efficiency, high energy consumption, high pollution and low sterilization efficiency, membrane technology is taken as the core. Through the construction of “CMM solution environment” scientific hypothesis, computer chemistry established based on CMM film mass transfer process research methods; According to the bottleneck of engineering application of membrane technology in CMM, CMM green manufacture series of key common technology was established. The establishment of characteristics of CMM in line with the characteristics of environmentally friendly production lines to achieve the CMM production in the preparation of “extraction, refining, enrichment” and other aspects of efficient, environmentally friendly, stable and intelligent control. CMM’s membrane technology takes water as the basic solvent, which can retain the CMM’s characteristics; The membrane technology and its sets of equipment have been extended to 29 provinces nationwide, resulting in significant social and economic benefits. Of which the production cycle of the product unit is shortened, the energy consumption is reduced, the resource utilization rate is increased, the labor productivity is increased, the retention rate of the main indicator component is more than 95%; And achieved great economic benefits at the same time. Membrane technology is fully consistent with the construction of resource-saving and environment-friendly society, which is worthy of the key technology of CMM green manufacture, to promote China’s pharmaceutical industry, technological progress, improve labor productivity and resource utilization has an important role. Membrane technology has a broad application prospects.
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Objective: In this study, ultrafiltration membrane process is employed first to separate the polysaccharides from industrialization waste in Mailuoning Injection and to promote the resources utilization of the waste. Methods: The waste ethanol sediments in the production of Mailuoning Injection mainly include dendrobium polysaccharides, Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides (ABPS), and honeysuckle polysaccharides, and the active components of polysaccharide with high content were selected through the immune activity. Six different relative molecular weight cut-off membranes ( 3 × 105) made of polyether sulfone (PES) were used. Six fractions were obtained and named as MFP1, MFP2, MFP3, MFP4, MFP5, and MFP6. Meanwhile, polysaccharides and protein content were determined by phenol-sulfuric acid colorimetry and Coomassie brilliant blue G-250 staining method; Polysaccharides species was analyzed by ELSD-HPLC; Immunocompetence of different fractions were investigated in vitro, including mouse spleen lymphocytes proliferation, transformation, and production of nitric oxide after acting on the macrophage RAW264.7. Results: The results showed MFP4 (3 × 104-1 × 105) have the highest content and immunocompetent, MFP5 (1 × 105-3 × 105) immunocompetent followed, compared to others, purity, and recovery of MFP4 are 76.80% and 10.81%, purity and recovery of MFP5 are 73.23% and 14.73%, respectively. Conclusion: The findings reveal MFP4 and MFP5 serves as our object of exploitation in the future; Moreover, separation of polysaccharides from "Mailuoning Injection" by the membrane is feasible with high recovery and low cost in the realization of circular economy.
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Membrane oxygen enrichment gives advantage over other oxygen source when applied to medical healthcare for being curative,safe,economical,convenient,small,light,durable,easy to operated,reliable and free from side-effect.The products related,for instance membrane oxygen enricher,membrane oxygen-bar air-conditioner,mobile oxygen-bar and so on,are the best sources of oxygen supply for long-term oxygen therapy,healthcare for healthy people and oxygen enriched room at high altitude.